Perceived parental rejection predicting attention deficit hyper activity disorder, oppositional deficient disorder and conduct disorder among Pakistani adolescents

Background: Parental optimistic relations and parental hostile patterns are forecaster of emotional disorders among the school children

Objectives: The study aimed at examining effect of perceived parental rejection with disruptive behaviors e.g., attention deficit hyper activity disorder, oppositional deficient disorder and conduct disorder in Adolescents of single parents

Study design, settings and duration: Cross-sectional study was conducted in universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad for duration of 8 months

Subjects and Methods: After taking inform written consent 200 adolescents [male= 90, 45%; female=110, 55%] of age 18-23 years studying in universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were enrolled. Perceived Parental Rejection was measured with the help of Urdu version of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and Disruptive Behavior Disorders were assessed by Disruptive Behavior Disorder [DBD] rating scale

Results: Finding of the present study showed that perceived parental rejection is a significant predictor of disruptive behavior disorders e.g., ADHD, oppositional deficient disorder, and conduct disorder in adolescents of single parents with low income. It has been found that there is no significant mean difference between male and females on disruptive behavior disorders

Conclusion: The perceived parental rejection increase emotional disorders e.g., ADHD, oppositional deficient disorder and conduct disorder in children

Mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety reduction in university students

Objective: To study the effectiveness of mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention for reducing anxiety in university students

Study Design: Quasi experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: International Islamic University Islamabad, from Feb to Jun 2016

Material and Methods: A sample of 100 university students of 13-18 years of education was taken [men=50, women=50] with the age range of 18 to 34 years. Convenience sampling technique was used. A pretest-posttest design was adopted in which State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to measure the levels of State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety before and after coloring a pre-drawn mandala

Results: Results were analyzed using t-test. They indicated that there was a significant difference in the levels of State and Trait Anxieties in the pretest and posttest measures in both men and women

Conclusion: Using mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention can reduce State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety in university students

Effect of social intolerance on psychological distress in cardiac patients

Background: The patients with diverse cardiac issues and physical illness experience different levels of social intolerance, depression, anxiety and stress

Objectives: To explore the relationship between social intolerance and psychological distress among cardiac patients and investigate the effect of different type of cardiac illness, its duration and physical symptoms on social intolerance and psychological distress

Study design, settings and duration: Cross-sectional study, conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital [BBH], Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology [RIC], Hearts International Hospital [HIH] and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS] from September-December, 2014

Patients and Methods: The sample size of 180 adult cardiac patients was collected. These patients were selected from the cardiac units of 4 hospitals of Rawalpindi using purposive sampling. Social intolerance was assessed using Frustration Discomfort Scale [FDS], distress was assessed using depression anxiety and stress scale [DASS]

Results: Out of 180 patients, 53.3% were males and 46.7% females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years. Results revealed significant discomfort intolerance, [p < 0.01] entitlement [p < 0.05] and emotional intolerance [p < 0.01] in these patients. There was 45% variance in depression, while discomfort intolerance [p < 0.01] and achievement frustration [p < 0.01] showed 35% variance in anxiety

Conclusion: Cardiac patients suffer from major emotional distress

Early segregated education and vulnerability to emotional problems in adult male

The present research was conducted on the "Early Segregated Education and Vulnerability to Emotional Problems In Adulthood". The purpose of the research was to investigate the emotional problems i.e., anxiety and depression prevalent in the Pakistani youth with an early segregated education. In order to measure the emotional problems of anxiety and depression, the IPAT Anxiety scale and IPAT Depression scale were administered on a sample of 200 individuals within the age of 20 years to 35 years. The 100 male participants with an early Segregated educational background and 100 male participants with an early Non-segregated educational background. The sample was selected from all the districts of the Karachi city. A chi-square test was computed for the statistical analysis of the research data. The hypotheses were found to be statistically significant at p <.001 level. The findings of the present research data provide the evidence that the males who received an early Segregated education have a high level of anxiety and depression sten scores than the individuals who received an early Non-Segregated education

Early segregated education and vulnerability to emotional problems in adulthood

The present study is an attempt to highlight the emotional problems prevalent in the Pakistani youth with an early segregated education. The IPAT Anxiety scale and IPAT Depression scale were administered on a sample of 400 individuals within the age of 20 years to 35 years. The 400 participants were further divided into four categories comprising of 100 females with an early Segregated educational background, 100 males with an early Segregated educational background, 100 females with an early Non Segregated educational background and 100 males with an early Non Segregated educational background. The sample was selected from all the districts of the Karachi city. This article focuses on the emotional problem of anxiety and depression. Chi square test was applied for the statistical analysis of the data. The present research hypotheses were highly significant at P < .001 level